All poem literary device

Literary Devices

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1. Simile (উপমা)

A direct comparison between two different things using like or as.
(দুটা বস্তুক তুলনা কৰা হয় "like / as" (যেন, যেনে) শব্দ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি।)

Examples:

1. She is as brave as a lion. (তেওঁ সিংহৰ দৰে সাহসী।)

2. His face is like the moon. (তেওঁৰ মুখ চন্দ্ৰৰ দৰে।)

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2. Metaphor (ৰূপক)

An indirect comparison, saying one thing is another.
(এটা বস্তুক আন এটা বস্তুৰ সৈতে সলনি কৰি কোৱা।)

Examples:

1. Time is money. (সময় হ’ল ধন।)

2. Life is a journey. (জীৱন হ’ল এটা যাত্ৰা।)

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3. Personification (ব্যক্তিবাচকীকৰণ)

Giving human qualities to non-human things.
(অমানৱীয় বস্তুত মানুহৰ গুণ দিয়াকৈ কোৱা।)

Examples:

1. The wind whispered through the trees. ( বতাহে গছবোৰৰ জৰিয়তে ফুচফুচাই ক’লে।)

2. The stars smiled at us. (তৰাবিলাকে আমাক চাই হাঁ‌হিলে।)

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4. Alliteration (অনুপ্ৰাস)

Repetition of the same initial consonant sound.
(একে ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি কেইবা বাৰো পুনৰাবৃত্তি।)

Examples:

1. She sells sea shells on the sea shore. ( তাই সাগৰৰ পাৰত শামুক বিক্ৰী কৰে।)

2. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. (পিটাৰ পাইপাৰে মৰিচ ৰ আচাৰৰ এটা পেক সংগ্ৰহ কৰিলে।)

3. Big black bug bit a big black bear. (ডাঙৰ ক’লা পোকে ডাঙৰ ক’লা ভালুক ক কামুৰিলে।)

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5. Assonance (স্বৰসাম্য)

Repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.
(একে স্বৰধ্বনি ওচৰৰ শব্দত পুনৰাবৃত্তি।)

Examples:

1. The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain. (

2. We see three trees. 

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6. Consonance (ব্যঞ্জনসাম্য)

Repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the end.
(শব্দৰ অন্তত একে ধ্বনি ৰ পুনৰাবৃত্তি।)

Examples:

1. The lumpy, bumpy road. 

2. Mike likes his new bike.

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7. Irony (বক্ৰোক্তি)

Meaning opposite to the literal sense.
(যিটো বুজা যায়, সেইটো নহয়, বিপৰীত অৰ্থত কোৱা।)

Irony হৈছে—

যি কথা মুখেৰে কোৱা হয় বা লিখা হয়, বাস্তৱতে তাৰ উল্টা অৰ্থ বুজায়। 

নাইবা 

বাহিৰে দেখাত এটা, কিন্তু ভিতৰতে অৰ্থ বা পৰিস্থিতি সম্পূৰ্ণ ভিন্ন হয়।

Examples: 

1. A pilot afraid of heights. (এজন পাইলটে উচ্চতালৈ ভয় কৰে।)

2. A fire station burns down. (অগ্নিনিৰ্বাপক কেন্দ্ৰই নিজেই জ্বলি গ’ল।

3. A teacher’s child failed in exams. (শিক্ষকৰ সন্তান পৰীক্ষাত ফেইল হ'ল।)

4. The doctor fell sick. (ডাক্তৰ অসুখত পৰিল।)

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8. Symbolism (প্ৰতীকবাদ)

Using an object to represent an idea.
(বস্তুৰ জৰিয়তে কোনো ধাৰণা প্ৰকাশ কৰা।)

Examples:

1. Dove = Peace.

2. Red = Danger. 

3. Lotus = Purity. 

4. Road = life choice (The Road Not Taken).

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9. Imagery ( চিত্ৰলংকাৰ)

Language that creates a picture in the mind.
(ভাষাৰে মনত ছবি আঁকা।)

Examples:

1. The golden sun set behind the dark mountains. (সোনালী সূৰ্য গাঢ় পাহাৰৰ আঁৰত ডুবিল।)

2. The fragrance of blooming roses filled the garden. (ফুলৰ গন্ধে বাগিছা ভৰাই তুলিলে।)

3. “Drifting blissfully in the emerald sea.” (Amanda! → mermaid imagination).

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10. Anaphora (পূৰ্বপদ পুনৰাবৃত্তি)

Repetition of a word at the beginning of successive lines.
(শাৰী বা বাক্যৰ আৰম্ভণিতে একে শব্দ পুনৰাবৃত্তি।)

Examples:

1. Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better.

2. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing ground.

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11. Refrain (পুনৰাবৃত্তি শাৰী)

A line repeated in a poem or song.
(কবিতা বা গীতত একে শাৰী পুনৰাবৃত্তি।)

Examples:

1. “Never, never, never give up."

2. “O my country, O my country.” 

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12. Rhyme (অন্ত্যমিল)

Repetition of similar sounds at line ends.
(শব্দৰ শেষত মিল থকা ধ্বনি পুনৰাবৃত্তি।)

Examples:

1. Hat – Cat – Mat. 

2. Tall – Small – All.

3. Night – Light – Bright.

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13. Enjambment (বাক্যবিসৰ্গহীনতা)

When a line of a poem continues to the next line without pause or punctuation.

Example :- 

“He stalks in his vivid stripes

The few steps of his cage.”

14. Allusion :- (সংকেত)

Reference to a well-known story, character, or event.

Examples - 

"I am Rapunzel.” (Amanda! → allusion to fairy tale Rapunzel)

Literary device :

Poem – A Tiger in the Zoo

Literary Devices
1. Alliteration: use of sound ‘b’ at the start of two words (behind bars)
use of sound ‘h’ in the starting of two words (he hears)
use of sound ‘p’ at the start of two words (plump pass)
2. Assonance: use of vowel sound ‘e’ (he, locked, concrete, cell)
use of vowel sound ‘o’ and ‘I’ (should, around, houses), (Baring, his, white, his)
use of ‘I’ sound (with, his, brilliant)
use of vowel sound ‘I’ (in his vivid stripes)
3. Consonance: use of consonant sound ‘s’ (his, fangs, his, claws)
use of consonant sound ‘s’ (his, strength, bars)
use of ‘s’ sound (stalks, his, stripes)
4. Enjambment: Line three continues to line four without any punctuation mark. (And stares with his brilliant eyes At the brilliant stars.)
Sentence is continuing to next line without any punctuation mark.
Line continues to next line without punctuation marks. (Sliding through….deer pass)
Line continues to next line without punctuation marks (He should be snarling around houses At the jungle’s edge,)
5. Imagery: poet tries to create an image about the tiger (He stalks in his vivid stripes The few steps of his cage)
The poet has tries to create an image of tiger’s activities (lurking in shadow).
6. Metaphor: Tiger’s paws are compared with velvet (pads of velvet)
7. Onomatopoeia: using words which denote sound (snarling)
8. Oxymoron: use of adjectives opposite in meaning (quiet rage)
9. Personification: The tiger is personified because the poet refers him as ‘he’.
10. Rhyme: rhyme scheme is abcb (grass-pass)
abcb rhyme scheme is followed (bars-visitors)
abcb rhyme scheme is followed (edge, village)
abcb rhyme scheme is followed (cars-stars)
abcb (cage-rage)

Poem – Amanda

Literary devices

1. Alliteration: ‘Stop that slouching and sit up straight’ – ‘s’ sound is being repeated at the start of closely placed words.
‘Stop that sulking’ – ‘s’ sound is repeated at the start of closely placed words
2. Allusion: ‘mermaid’ is a well known imaginary creature
use of famous fairy tale character Rapunzel
3. Anaphora: Repeated use of a word at start of two or more lines (don’t bite… don’t hunch)
Repeated use of a word at start of two or more lines (did you finish….did you tidy)
4. Assonance: use of vowel sound ‘o’ (Thought, told, you, your, shoes)
use of vowel sound ‘o’ (don’t hunch your shoulders)
use of vowel sound ‘e’ and ‘o’ (Will you please look at me when I’m speaking to you
5. Consonance: use of sound ‘r’ (I am Rapunzel; I have not a care …..Bright hair)
6. Imagery: drifting blissfully
7. Metaphor: use of word emerald sea for green colour of sea being similar to the colour of emrald
silence is golden – silence is said to be glorious like golden colour
freedom is sweet – freedom is said to be sweet in taste.
8. Repetition: use of word ‘Amanda’
9. Rhyme scheme: aaha (Amanda, Amanda, you, Amanda)
10. Rhyme: aaba ccc (Amanda, Amanda, straight, Amanda, sea, me, blissfully)
rhyme scheme aafa ggg (Amanda, Amanda, you, Amanda, care, rare, hair)
Rhyme scheme is aada eee (Amanda, Amanda, shoes, Amanda, street, feet, sweet)

Poem 7 – Animals

Literary Devices

1. Anaphora: ‘I’ word used at the start of two consecutive lines
use of repeated words at the beginning of two or more consecutive lines (use of “they do not”)
2. Assonance: use of vowel sound ‘I’ (I, think, I, live, with, animals)
3. Metaphor: sweat and whine refer to the cries and complaints of human beings
The inner qualities of humans are referred to as tokens
4. Repetition: use of the word ‘long’

Poetic Devices of the Poem 'Animals'

Rhyme Scheme: There is no rhyme as the poem is written in free verse.

Anaphora - Use of repeated words at the beginning of two or more consecutive lines

'They do not' - Second Stanza

'Not one' - Third Stanza

Personification: The poem has uniform personification

Repetition: Repetition of words/phrases in the same line

I stand and look at them long and long

Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds in the same line.

They do not make me sick

I wonder where they get those tokens

I stand and look at them long and long.

Assonance with animals) Use of vowel sound 'I' (I think I... live

Metaphor

'Sweat and whine' - refer to the cries and complaints of human beings.

'tokens' - The inner qualities of humans are referred to as 'tokens'

Poem – The Tale of Custard the Dragon

Literary Devices

1. Alliteration: “coward, and she called him Custard” – “c” sound
Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears “b” sound is repeated
beard was black “b”, he held his “h”
gulped some grog “g”
glee did gyrate “g”
2. Allusion: reference to any person or place (Percival)
3. Anaphora: repeated use of word at the start of two consecutive lines. (And a little ….And a realio)
repeated use of word at the start of two consecutive lines (And the little grey…And the little yellow)
4. Assonance: use of vowel sound ‘o’ (no one mourned for), use of vowel sound ‘I’ (ink and blink in glee did), use of vowel sound ‘a’ (that ate the pirate)
use of vowel sound ‘a’ (Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears)
5. Consonance: use of consonant sound ‘s’ (Suddenly, suddenly they heard a nasty sound)
6. Imagery: An image is created about the appearance of the pirate.
They have shown the reaction and actions made by the pirate on seeing the dragon.
The attack by the dragon is expressed in a way to make an image in our minds.
7. Onomatopoeia: usage of sound words to create a dramatic effect (giggled, weeck)
usage of sound words to create a dramatic effect (Mustard growled, Meowch, cried ink)
usage of sound words to create a dramatic effect (clatter, clank, jangling)
8. Oxymoron: use of two words with opposite meanings ‘ “pet dragon”
9. Personification: Ink, Blink and Mustard, they rudely called him Percival
10. Poetic license: window is written as ‘winda’ to create rhyme.
use of the word mousehold to rhyme with household
realio, trulio for real, true. The spellings have been changed to create a musical effect
11. Refrain: Repetition of a sentence again and again (And a realio, trulio)
12. Repetition: stanza has been repeated
help help
Custard cried for a nice safe cage
use of the word ‘tickled him’
use of the word ‘little’
13. Rhyme scheme: aabb (house-mouse, wagon-dragon)
aabb (ink-blink, mustard-custard)
aabb (bears-stairs, rage-cage)
aabb (unmerciful-Percival, wagon-dragon)
aabb (house-mouse, rage-cage)
aabb (sound-around, Belinda-winda)
aabb (right- bright, wood- good)
aabb (help-yelp, household – mousehold)
aabb (engine-dungeon, squirm-worm)
aabb (dragon-flagon, hit-bit)
aabb (him-victim, gyrate-pirate)
aabb (mustard-flustered, blink-ink, agree-me)
14. Simile: dog compared to mustard “And the little yellow dog was sharp as Mustard”
Belinda’s bravery is compared to that of a barrel full of bears (as a barrel full of bears), Mustard’s bravery is compared to that of an angry tiger (Mustard was as brave as a tiger in a rage)
sound of dragon is compared with sound of engine (snorting like an engine), Clashed his tail like irons in a dungeon, dragon’s attack on pirate is compared to robin bird (like a robin at a worm)
15. Transferred epithet: terrified yelp

Poem 5 – The Ball Poem

Literary devices

1. Alliteration: use of sound ‘b’ at the start of two consecutive words (buys a ball back)
2. Anaphora: use of repeated words in two or more lines (What is the boy… what, what and merrily bouncing… merrily over)
3. Assonance: repeated use of vowel ‘o’ (boy, now, who, lost)
use of vowel sound ‘e’ (He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes)
4. Asyndeton: no use of conjunction in a sentence (A dime, another ball, is worthless)
5. Imagery: when poet says merrily bouncing down the street
6. Repetition: ‘what’ is repeated
use of word ‘ball’
‘ball’ word is repeated
7. Rhyme scheme: There is no rhyme scheme followed in the poem.