VOICE (বাচ্য)
Voice দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ।
a) Active Voice (কৰ্তৃবাচ্য) আৰু
b) Passive voice. (কৰ্মবাচ্য)
Active Voice ৰ পৰা Passive voice লৈ পৰিবৰ্তন কৰা নিয়ম।
1. Object টো Subject কৰা হয়, Main verb ৰ Tense অনুসৰি একোটা be verb বহে, আৰু main Verb টো past participle হয়। Subject টো object কৰা হয় আৰু তাৰ আগত by preposition বহে।
2. Active voice ৰ subject pronoun বোৰ Passive voice ত পৰিৱৰ্তন হয়।
যেনে-
Active ----------Passive
I ----------------------- me,
We ------------------- us
He -------------------- Him,
She ----------------- her,
They ---------------- them ইত্যাদি।
1.We eat rice. (active)
Ans- Rice is eaten by us. (Passive)
ইয়াত
* 'Rice' (object) টো Subject হৈছে।
* Main verb "eat" টো present tense ৰ বাবে be verb ' is' ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে।
* 'We' (subject) টো object কৰা হৈছে। সেয়ে we টো পৰিৱৰ্তন হৈ passive voice ত us হৈছে আৰু ইয়াৰ আগত 'by' অব্যয় বহিছে।
দুটা object থকা বাক্য ৰ voice :--
1.He gave me a pen.
Ans:- A pen was given me by him.
Or
I was given a pen by him.
বাক্যত দুটা object থাকিলে যিকোনো এটা subject হিচাপে লব লাগে আৰু দ্বিতীয় object টো, main verb টো past participle কৰাৰ পিছতেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
* He have me a pen. - এই বাক্যটোত দুটা object আছে।
Subject - he,
Verb ----- gave
me ------- object
a pen --- Object
প্ৰথম বাক্যটোত 'A pen' Subject হিচাপে লোৱা হৈছে। আৰু দ্বিতীয় object 'me' টো given ৰ পিছত, অৰ্থাৎ Main verb টো past particie কৰাৰ পিছত ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে।
আকৌ দ্বিতীয় বাক্যটোত me টো subject হিচাপে লোৱাত 'I' হৈছে আৰু 'a pen' object টো given(p.p of verb) ৰ পাছত বহিছে।
এনেদৰেই বাক্যত দুটা object থাকিলে যিকোনো এটা Object আগলৈ আনি 'subject' কৰিলেই হ'ল।
For example :--
Q)1. He told me a story.
Ans:- A story was told me by him.
Or
I was told a story by him.
Q)2. I asked him a question.
Ans :- He was asked a question by me.
Or
A question was asked him by me.
(Note:- Main verb টো simple present বা present indefinite হ'লে be verb ' is, am, are বহে, আৰু main verb টো Simple past বা past indefinite হ'লে be verb 'was, were' বহে।
* Subject একবচন হ'লে is am, আৰু was ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।
* Subject বহুবচন হ'লে are আৰু were বহে। )
***HOMEWORK***
1. We offered him a book.
2. I gave him a ring.
3. They asked her these questions.
4. She tells the kids many stories.
Be verbs in passive voice
according to tense:- (Tense অনুসৰি, passive voice ত be verb ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ)।
*Present Indefinite :- is, am, are.
*Present continuous :- is being, am being, are being.
*Present perfect :- have been, has been
*Present perfect continuous :- Have been beng, has been being.
*Past Indefinite :- Was, were.
*Past continuous :- was being, were being.
*Past perfect :- had been
*Past perfect continuous :- had been being.
*future indefinite :- Shall be, will be.
*Future continuous :- Shall be being, will be neing.
*Future perfect :- Shall have been, will have been
*Future perfect continuous :- Shall have been being, will have been being.
সাৰাংশ (Summary) :-
Active voice ৰ পৰা Passive Voice কৰোঁতে :----
1) Main verb টো present indefinite হ'লে is, am,are বহে।যেনে -
I eat rice.
= Rice is eaten by me.
2) Main verb টো past indefinite tense ৰ হ'লে was, were বহে।
যেনে -
I bought a pen yesterday.
= A pen was bought by me yesterday.
3. বাক্যত have, has, had, shall have, will have থাকিলে been যোগ কৰা হয়।
যেনে :-
*I have done the work.
= The work has been done by me.
* We had completed it.
= It had been completed by us.
4. Shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must আদি auxiliary verb (সহায়কাৰী ক্ৰিয়া) পিছত be বহে।
যেনে :-
* You can do it.
= It can be done by me.
* You should do the work.
= The work should be done by you.
* He will give me a new bag.
= A new bag will be given me by him.
****Be verb in passive voice with example.****(উদাহৰণ সহ passive voice ত be verb ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ।
1.Present Indefinite :- is, am, are.
* We read novels
= Novels are read by us.
* He helps me.
= I am helped by him.
* He plays cricket.
= Cricket is played by him.
2.Present continuous :- is being, am being, are being.
* I am reading a novel.
=A novel is being read by me.
* I am eating the apples.
= The apples are being eaten by me.
3.Present perfect :- have been, has been
* I have done it.
= It has been done by me.
* She has written the letters.
= The letters have been written by her.
4.Present perfect continuous :- Have been beng, has been being.
* We have been doing the work for two hours.
= The work has been being done by us for two hours.
* She has been writing the letters for one hours.
= The letters have been being written by her for one hours.
5.Past Indefinite :- Was, were.
* I did it.
= It was done by me.
* I ate the mangoes.
= The mangoes were eaten by me.
6.Past continuous :- was being, were being.
* I was playing football then.
= Football was being played by me then.
* He was doing homeworks.
= Homeworks were being done by him.
7. Past perfect :- had been
* They had done the work.
= The work had been done by them.
8. Past perfect continuous :- had been being.
* She had been reading the story book for two hours yesterday.
= The story book had been being read by her for two hours yesterday.
( NOTE :- Passive voice লৈ পৰিৱৰ্তন কৰিবলৈ হ'লে Person and number অনুসৰি Subject ৰ লগত be verb বা auxiliary verb ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ও ভালদৰে জানিব লাগিব।
* 1st person,singular number subject ---- I
* 1 st person, plural number subject ---- We
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* 2nd person,singular number subject ---- You,
* 2nd person, plural number subject ---- You,
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* 3rd person, singular number subject ---- He, she, it, ram, jodu, sita, a pen, a book, a man, a dog, the sun, the moon etc.
* 3rd person, plural number subject ---- They.
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সাধাৰণতে এইকেইটা auxiary verb ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰোঁতে ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীসকলৰ খেলি মেলি হোৱা দেখা যায়। সেয়ে এই বিষয়ে তলত ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আলোচনা কৰা হ'ল।
*is, am, are,
*was, were,
*Have, has,
*Shall, will.
(is, am,are)
* am- I ৰ লগত am হয়। যেনে-
I am reading.
* Are - বহুবচন (plural number) ত are বহে। যেনে - we are dancing.
**@** (1st person plural, 2nd person singular and plural number, আৰু 3rd person plural 'subject' ৰ লগত are হয়।) **@**
* Is - 3 rd person, Singular number (তৃতীয় পুৰুষ, একবচন) subject ৰ লগত 'is' বহে।
(3rd person singular number :-- Name of a man, name of a thing, only one thing, অৰ্থাৎ 3rd person,singular number বুলি কলে, এজন মানুহৰ নাম, এটা বস্তুৰ নাম, মাত্ৰ এটা বস্তুক বুজোৱা হয়। কিন্তু 'I' একবচন যদিও ইয়াৰ লগত is বহে, কাৰণ ই 1 st person. মাত্ৰ 3rd person singular number subject ৰ পিছতহে is বহে।
(Was, were)
* Was - একবচন Subject ৰ লগত was বহে।
(1st person singular, & 3rd person singular) ত was বহে।
* Were - বহুবচন Subject ৰ লগত were বহে।
1st person plural number, 2nd person singular and plural number আৰু 3rd person plural number ত were বহে।
(Have, has)
* have - বহুবচন ৰ Subject ৰ সৈতে have বহে। যেনে - We have done the work .
* Has - 3rd person, singular number ৰ পিছত has বহে।
যেনে - He has done the work. কিন্তু 'I' টো একবচন যদিও ইয়াৰ সৈতে have হে বহে। যেনে -I have made it.
(Shall, will)
* shall - I আৰু we (1st person) ৰ লগত shall বহে।
* will - 2nd person আৰু 3rd person ৰ subject ৰ সৈতে will বহে।
অৰ্থাৎ I আৰু we ৰ বাহিৰে সকলো Subject ৰ পিছত will বহে। যেনে-
He will go to town,
They will do it,
you will come soon.
Voice of Interrogative Sentence ( interrogative বাক্যৰ Voice)
1. Is he playing football ?
Ans - Is football being played by him ?
2. Has he done the work ?
Ans - Has the work been done by him ?
3. Were they playing cricket ?
Ans - Was cricket being played by them ?
Interrogative Sentence ৰ Voice change (Active to passive) কৰোঁতে অন্য কোনো পৰিবৰ্তন নহয়, মাত্ৰ Auxiliary verb টো বাক্যটোৰ আগত বহে। বাক্যটোৰ object ৰ number আৰু person অনুসৰি আৰম্ভণিতে Auxiliary Verb টো বহিব। যেনে ওপৰৰ ৩ নং বাক্যটোত আৰম্ভণিতে Were আছে, কাৰণ Subject 'they' বহুবচন। আমি জানো যে were বহুবচন Subject ৰ লগতহে বহে। কিন্তু voice টো change কৰোঁতে আৰম্ভণিতে Was বহিছে, কিয়নো object (cricket টো object) টো 3rd person, singular number ৰ হয়। আমি জানো যে 'was' একবচন subject ৰ লগত বহে। সেয়ে interrogative বাক্যৰ voice change কৰোঁতে object অনুসৰিহে আৰম্ভণিতে auxiliary verb ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হব।
4. Have the boys brought it ?
Ans - Has it been brought by the boys ?
5. Are you reading the novel now ?
Ans - Is the novel being read by you now ?
6. Will you do it ?
Ans - Will it be done by you ?
যদি বাক্যটো do, does আৰু did ৰে আৰম্ভ হয়,তেতিয়া বাক্যৰ আৰম্ভণিত is,am,are,was,were ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
আৰম্ভণিতে do আৰু does থাকিলে ' Is,am,are' বহে। Did থাকিলে was,were বহে।
যেনে --
1. Do you play football ?
Ans - Is football played by you ?
2. Does she read novels ?
Ans - Are novels read by her ?
3. Did she buy the car ?
Ans - Was the car bought by her ?
Voice of imperarive Sentence (আদেশ, উপদেশ, অনুৰুধ আদি বুজোৱা বাক্য ৰ বাচ্য পৰিৱৰ্তন)
Imperarive Sentence ৰ Voice clange(Active to passive) কৰাৰ নিয়ম।
a) বাক্যটোৰ আৰম্ভণিতে Let ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগে। ইয়াত by ৰ পৰিবৰ্তে be বহে। Main Verb টো past participle (V3) হয়।
যেনে-
Do the work.
= Let the work be done.
ইয়াত এটা form ত passive voice টো হৈছে। সেইটো হৈছে --
Let+Object+be+Verb (past participle)
2.Make a kite.
=Let a kite be made.
3. Put out the lamp.
= Let the lamp be put out.
4. Call in a doctor.
= Let a doctor be called in.
5. Eat the mango
= Let the mango be eaten.
যিবিলাক Imperative বাক্যত Let ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰি, তেনেবিলাক বাক্যৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাক্যৰ অৰ্থ অনুসৰি You are ordered to, You are requested to, you are advised to, you are asked to, you are told to আদি বহে। যেনে -
1. Come here.
= You are asked to come here .
2. Please do the work.
= You are requested to do the work.
3. Go there at once.
= You are ordered to go there at once.
VOICE without SUBJECT (Subject নথকা বাক্যৰ voice)
Passive voice ৰ পৰা active voice লৈ পৰিবৰ্তন কৰিবলৈ হ'লে বাক্যটোৰ অৰ্থ অনুসৰি একোটা বাক্যটোৰ সৈতে খাপ খোৱা উপযুক্ত Subject ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।যেনে-
1.The thief was caught.(Passive Voice) (চোৰটো ধৰা হ'ল।)
Ans - The police caught the thief. (Active voice)
The thief was caught (চোৰ টো ধৰা হ'ল।) কোনে ধৰিলে ? নিশ্চয় পুলিচেই ধৰিব। গতিকে আমি পুলিচ বুলি Subject টো দিব পাৰিম। অৰ্থাৎ এনেবিলাক বাক্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বাক্যটোৰ সৈতে খাপ খোৱাকৈ একোটা Subject (কৰ্তা) আমি নিজেই দিব লাগিব।
2. My pen has been stolen.
Ans- Someone has stolen my pen. .
Or
He has stolen my pen
Or
She has stolen my pen.
3. The deadbody was removed from the street.
Ans - Someone removed the deadbody from the street.
Or
They removed the deadbody from the street.
Or
He removed the deadbody from the street.
4. The snake was killed.
Ans - He killled the snake.
Or
Someone killed the snake.
Or
Ramen killed the snake.
Or
I killed the snake.
5. Gandhi is called the father of nation.
Ans- People call Gandhi the father of nation.
6. Rose is called the queen of flower.
Ans- People call rose the queen of flower.
